Breast Cancer in Men: Awareness, Risks, and Treatment
June 4, 2025
Breast cancer is often thought of as a disease that only affects women, but men are also at risk. While it is much less common in men, accounting for approximately 1% of all breast cancer diagnoses in the U.S., with around 2,650 new cases each year, men should be aware that breast cancer can still impact their health. In fact, about 1 in 830 men will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. Unfortunately, many men do not realize that changes in their breasts, such as lumps in the chest or underarm area or changes to the nipple, could indicate breast cancer. This lack of awareness often leads to diagnoses occurring at more advanced stages, when the cancer has already spread.
Types of Breast Cancer in Men
Men typically experience two main types of breast cancer: Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) and Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS). IDC is the most common, where cancer starts in the ducts of the breast and spreads to surrounding tissue. DCIS is a non-invasive form of cancer that remains confined to the ducts but can eventually become invasive if untreated.
The symptoms of breast cancer in men can often mirror those in women, making it important to be aware of any changes in the breast area. Common signs to watch for include a lump or swelling in the breast or underarm, which is typically the most noticeable symptom. Men may also experience redness or flaky skin on the breast, which can indicate a change in the skin’s condition. Nipple pain is another potential symptom, and any changes to the nipple, such as it pulling inward or becoming irritated, should not be ignored. If you notice any of these changes, it’s crucial to see a doctor right away for evaluation and potential testing. Early detection is key in successfully treating breast cancer, so seeking medical advice at the first sign of symptoms can make a significant difference.
Several factors can increase the likelihood of breast cancer in men. Age is a significant risk factor, with most cases occurring after the age of 50. Genetic mutations also play a crucial role, particularly inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which can significantly raise the risk. A family history of breast cancer, especially if a close relative has been diagnosed, also increases the chances of developing the disease. Men who have undergone radiation therapy to the chest area for other medical conditions may face a higher risk due to the exposure. Hormone therapy, particularly drugs containing estrogen used in the past to treat prostate cancer, can also elevate the likelihood of breast cancer. Additionally, men with Klinefelter syndrome, a rare genetic condition that results in higher estrogen levels, are at an increased risk. Obesity and liver disease can further contribute to the risk, as both conditions can impact hormone levels and increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Breast cancer in men is diagnosed through a combination of physical exams, imaging tests (like mammograms and ultrasounds), and biopsies. As with women, treatment options depend on the stage and type of cancer, and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy.
It is important for men at higher risk of breast cancer, such as those with a family history or genetic mutations, to discuss screening options with their doctor. Although mammograms are typically not recommended for men without symptoms, those at increased risk may benefit from early screening.
Unique Approaches to Male Breast Cancer
Dr. Maryam Lustberg, director of The Breast Center at Smilow Cancer Hospital and chief of Breast Medical Oncology at Yale Cancer Center, emphasizes the need for greater awareness of breast cancer in men. She advocates for an inclusive care model that ensures all individuals, regardless of gender, receive the attention and support they need during diagnosis and treatment.
Resources on Male Breast Cancer
For men facing a breast cancer diagnosis—or simply looking to learn more—Male Breast Cancer Global Alliance is an invaluable resource. Their work helps break down stigma, amplify survivor stories, and provide education that empowers men to better understand their risk and advocate for their health. Whether you’re navigating a diagnosis or focused on prevention, their community-driven approach reminds us that no one should face breast cancer alone—regardless of gender.
Breast cancer in men may be less common, but it’s just as important to raise awareness and provide resources for those affected. Early detection can improve outcomes, and recognizing the signs, such as lumps, nipple changes, or skin irritation, can make a life-saving difference. If you notice any changes or have concerns, don’t hesitate to reach out to your doctor. As awareness grows, more men will be able to catch the disease early and receive the necessary treatment to fight breast cancer.
Sources:
https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/about/men.html
